This treatment effectively bypasses the fallopian tubes and is the most effective treatment for patients with absent, blocked, or damaged tubes. The woman is given fertility drugs to stimulate her ovaries to produce many follicles Each follicle should contain one egg The chances of pregnancy are increased if more than one egg is obtained and fertilized. The number and size of the developing follicles in the ovaries are measured by ultrasound scans.The ultrasound scans are performed at intervals during the treatment cycle. When the follicles reach the optimal size, preparations will be made for egg collection An oestradiol assay will also be carried out prior to administering HCG, to help determine the timing of egg collection. The final preparation for egg collection involves a hormonal injection given to the woman 36–40 hours pre-operatively. This mimics the natural process that normally triggers ovulation. The eggs are collected vaginally using ultrasound guidance, under general or local anesthesia.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an advanced fertility treatment used in cases of severe male infertility or when previous attempts at conception have failed. It involves the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This technique is highly effective for couples facing issues such as low sperm count, poor sperm quality, or sperm that cannot penetrate the egg on their own. ICSI significantly enhances the chances of successful fertilization and has revolutionized assisted reproduction, offering hope to couples struggling with male infertility

IUI involves the injection of treated sperm from the husband, partner, or donor into the woman’s uterine cavity via the cervix. It is generally a painless procedure that takes only a few minutes and is performed on an outpatient basis. The chances of success are increased if the insemination is combined with ovulation induction using small doses of fertility drugs (10-15% per cycle).The development of the ovarian follicles is monitored with ultrasound and the insemination is timed to take place 36-40 hours after administration of the hormone injection HCG, which triggers ovulation When ovulation has occurred, the male partner is asked to produce a semen sample.